Desktop Mapping
A desktop mapping system organises data and user
interaction. The focus of such systems is the creation of maps: the
map is the database. Most desktop mapping systems have more limited
data management, spatial analysis, and customisation capabilities.
CAD
CAD systems evolved to create designs and plans
of buildings and infrastructure. These systems require few rules to
specify how components can be assembled and very limited analytical
capabilities. CAD systems have been extended to support maps but
typically have limited utility for managing and analysing large
geographical databases.
Remote Sensing and GPS
Remote sensing is the art and science of making
measurements of the earth using sensors such as cameras carried on
aeroplanes, GPS receivers, or other devices. These sensors collect
data in the form of images and provide specialised capabilities for
manipulating, analysing and visualising those images. Although they
may lack strong geographic data management and analytical operations,
the incorporating of satellite images into GIS analysis provides a
real-life backdrop of the land. This can be of particular benefit in
studies involving the environment, coastline, landscape, planning,
green belt, hydrology, etc.
